Is it bullying?

Every parent fears his or her child or teen will be bullied, and unfortunately, with good reason. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, about 19% of students ages 12-18 reported being bullied.

Because your son or daughter may not tell you if they're suffering, it’s important to look for the signs.

Signs of bullying in kids

“You might observe behavioral, emotional or physical changes that mirror other issues like depression, anxiety or trauma,” explained Francesca Varallo Sims, PsyD, director of education and training for Baptist Behavioral Health and Wolfson Children’s Behavioral Health. “Depending on the child’s age, these signs can look different. Elementary-aged children may experience changes in their eating or sleeping patterns and physical symptoms like stomach pain or headaches. In teens, parents might notice more acting out, irritability or a significant decline in grades.”

Signs parents may notice in children of all ages include:

• Emotional outbursts or significant mood shifts
• Rebellious, risky or self-harming behavior
• Conflict with family and friends
• Bruising or unexplained physical injuries
• Feeling helpless, hopeless or worthless
• Social isolation or withdrawal
• Anxiety around people
• Avoidance of places or activities they used to enjoy

Cyberbullying challenges

“Social media allows bullies to have 24/7 contact to harass, embarrass or critique children and teens excessively,” Dr. Varallo Sims said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cyberbullying is most common for middle schools. About 37% of middle schoolers reported an occurrence of cyberbullying at least once a week, followed by 25% of high schoolers and 6% of elementary schoolers.

“A challenge with cyberbullying is that there’s often more anonymity, especially through the use of fake social media pages on apps like Snapchat, TikTok, or Instagram,” Dr. Varallo Sims said. “This makes it harder to hold cyberbullies accountable and to effectively end their behavior.”

Become cyber-savvy

The best way to prevent cyberbullying is to keep tabs on your child’s online activity.

“Monitor directly and/or through parental controls,” Dr. Varallo Sims said. “Educate yourself on how your kids are using the internet and social media. For instance, what apps do they have downloaded? Who are they connected to on social media? Who’s commenting on their posts and who are they following?”

If you find evidence of bullying, take several immediate steps:

• Document dates, times and content of posts or messages
• Block the people engaging in cyberbullying
• Inform your child’s school and ask whether off-campus cyberbullying is addressed in school policy
• If specific threats of harm or violence are made, report them to local police
• Seek professional behavioral health aid if your child is demonstrating symptoms of depression or risk for suicide

Check in regularly with your child

You can promote emotional expression and open communication by asking questions about your child’s daily social interactions.

“Initiating these conversations demonstrates that you value their emotions and are available to support them if challenges arise,” Dr. Varallo Sims said. “When you ask about potential bullying, be sure to listen, support and validate their feelings and remind them that bullying is not their fault, and they don’t have to face the problem alone.”

Don’t know how to initiate these talks? Dr. Varallo Sims provided some conversation starters:

• "What does the word ‘bullying’ mean to you?"
• “Have you seen kids bullied at school? What happened and how did it make you feel?”
• “What would you do if that happened to you?”
• “Has anyone ever made you feel bullied? What did they say”
• “How can I help?”
• “Why do you think some kids become bullies?”

Avoid saying anything that validates the bully’s actions, such as:

• “You’re overreacting, just ignore it.”
• “They probably didn’t mean it.”
• “You’re too sensitive.”

Additionally, parents should avoid advising children to ignore bullying behavior, engage in physical confrontation, or contact the bully and his or her family.

Stay involved

Parents can try setting up a meeting with the school to discuss ways to prevent future bullying, perhaps by changing seating arrangements in class or on the bus. If that doesn’t work and the bullying continues, you can try reaching out to law enforcement.

“Your child may feel helpless, but you have options on how to take action,” Dr. Varallo Sims said. “You can provide your child with multiple layers of social support and genuine concern, and this will increase their resiliency and coping ability.”